Can the Existence of God be Proven Ontologically Essay

Can the Existence of God be Proven Ontologically - Essay Example One of such theories is the ontological argument; in this paper I will argue that this theory is not enough to prove the existence of God. The ontological argument is priori; it seeks to explain the existence of a greater being using logic as to what the appreciative of the superior being that is God is. The theory was popularized by Anselm who used psalms 14 as his reference point and addressed the fool who says in his heart that God does not exist. He states that the fool hears and understands that there is a greater being although he does not understand its existence. Anselm purports that if it exists in one’s understanding then it can be made to exist in reality, which carries more weight. He clearly states that God is a being without which nothing greater exists and the fool understands this but does not believe that God does truly exist. Anselm’s theory is more or less based on deduction if the fool understands that a greater being does exist then it must exist, o therwise he would be contradicting himself. This theory is unsatisfactory in proving God’s existence since it claims that assuming that God does not exist leads to a contradiction, He must therefore exist. The theory seems to dictate that God does exist by the virtue that He must exist, since nothing greater can be conceived than Him, it illustrates that God’s existence is necessary since the thought of Him not existing is inconceivable. The idea that the existence of God is necessary does not proof that He actually exists; it is more like forcing an issue down someone’s throat and expecting that person to believe it and accept it as the truth. Because He carries the title God, the theory then seems to insinuate that it s wrong to claim that God does not exist. For something to exist, the concept must correspond to reality, but Anselm’s theory is based on abstract facts and this does not proof that a greater being does exist. A monk by the name Gaunilo, a lso attempted to refute the claims by Anselm describing an island that can be said to be ore excellent than any other existing island. He goes ahead to argue that an island that that exists is much better than a non-existent one, so therefore the island must exist by definition. The assumption that one can define anything that he wants and it will exist corresponds to the ontological theory. It would be therefore correct to assume that the devil also exists by the necessity that he must. Since God does exist and he is all good and presumably much greater than conceived then the devil must also exist as that which nothing worse can be conceived. This theory therefore holds no water and does not prove God’s existence since it would then show that one can imagine and assume anything in life and it shall be a reality which is not the case. Alvin Plantiga also decided to remodel the ontological argument by use of logic, claiming that concepts must either be necessary, impossible o r possible. In his concepts, he claims that there is a world that possibly exists with a being that is maximally great, meaning that He exists in all possible worlds and therefore must exist in our world as well. This argument has no much difference from the Anselm’s argument because what it does is state that the greater being is a possibility. This claim is debatable meaning that it does not have any tangible proof to support its basis. The ontological argument clearly shows that God only survives in the mind, which means if God is imagined and a creation of the mind, then something greater than God can be imagined. But one should not forget that this is all in the mind and not actually existing in real

Globalization of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Essay Example for Free

Globalization of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Essay Globalization of both the economy and the society has confronted the world over the past decade. A shift of focus and interest from the local market to the international setting has demanded innovation not just in corporate leadership as new information; forms of communication and technology are being offered to be utilized in encouraging and reinforcing interaction among individuals. Fewer trade barriers and unprecedented technological advances have accelerated the pace of globalization. The advances in communication technology make it easier to enter the international market through the efficient marketing and advertising strategies that a number of international business organizations invest in by utilizing the services provided by the Worldwide Web. Electronic data communication (EDC) facilitates the exchange of data at tremendous speeds; it sorts and integrates data with other information available to the recipients (businesses, banks, capital markets) from other sources. Individual countries and trading and currency blocs alike view the fast-moving e-business sector as having a direct impact on the countries’ and blocs’ competitiveness in the global market. Increased market competition identifies continuous adjustment and improvement in the production lines of countries to recognize the participation of smaller business units. The free flow of goods and services, the establishment of functioning trade blocs like the European Union, more favorable regulations for foreign direct investment, and e-commerce are now major features of the global market. The introduction of the new division of international labor calls for evaluation and reorganization of the business operations as well as a reassessment of the current technological practices. The Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Industry in FRANCE Royle and Towers (2002) note that the Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries industry has now extended throughout the world, expanding in FRANCE and other European countries, bakeshops are often considered as a characteristic of the new global culture. These bakeshops are illustrated as informal, have uniform service to anyone regardless of social status and focuses on giving quick-service to its customers. The industry grew out of a cultural philosophy that greatly values friendliness more than propriety, basically more than traditions of gracious living and democratic consensus over status-based divisions. Firms within the Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries industry fall into the category of a competitive market structure. According to Lipset (1991), the competitiveness of a market refers to the extent to which individual firms have the control or power to influence market prices or the terms on which their products are sold. It must be noted that â€Å"the less power an individual firm has to influence the market in which it sells its products, the more competitive the market is† (Lipset, 1991). In the recent years, the integration of strategic planning and functional marketing has been perhaps the most relevant development in the field of marketing management as marketing managers have all the more realized that tactical marketing decisions must be made within a wider strategic framework. Marketing Mix (4Ps) Product – Products that Cakes and Cookies are offering can be improved and expanded. For example they can add more cakes that suit the taste and needs of their consumers in FRANCE. Cakes and Cookies should not limit their products according to the old time customers in the U. S. Placement – Decisions involving the place/distribution are also crucial in meeting the needs of the target market. There are many factors to consider such as the choice of location where the product will be sold to the consumers, and the various channel distribution required to bring the product in the target market. Elements of distribution channel include the packaging, storage facilities, transportation, and the members of the channel itself. Cakes and Cookies should make their customized packages and boxes for their Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries and this should be appropriate according to the taste of the FRANCE consumers. It is always relevant to choose a channel pattern that is suitable for the target market needs. Price Among other factors considered in pricing are the needs of the market, the costs involved, the effect on margins and the value offered at a minimum for the consumer without the price cut hitting the company image. It is not surprising therefore, that Cakes and Cookies entry price strategy became a model in starting business in the area. Finally, it is interesting to note that in FRANCE have consistently agreed with Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries pricing strategy for many years. This shows that consumers give their loyalty as long as the price is right and fair. Promotions – Today, personal selling, sales promotions, in the forms of souvenirs, and point-of-purchase displays (POP), publicity through non-paid presentation of the product to the target market (feature articles and special news coverage), and public relations (established link with the stakeholders) were utilized by Cakes and Cookies Similarly, TV and radio advertising are important channels to promote Cakes and Cookies Usually, effective television and radio advertising involves a good opening punch line, presentation of the competitor’s product (brand must not be mentioned) and its weakness, testimony of experts or renowned personalities/authorities, and in some cases, use of famous movie actors and actress also helps. Further, the existence of Internet and the continued revolution in the world of Information Technology are certainly positive signs for the blossoming of many new advertising opportunities. For instance, pop-up ads and email ads have started to inva de the Internet. Most advertising firms have also started to exert efforts to make their advertisements appealing to the public (Chow and Holden, 1997). Segment, Target and Positioning of the Product Of all the components of a marketing plan, perhaps the most overlooked but most critical element is the definition of the target market. According to Lovelock and Young (2000), it is a homogenous group of people or organizations that a company wishes to appeal to. There are two basic targets for a product or service: the user and the non-user segments. Thus, there are also two business and marketing decisions that the company must decide upon in light of the basic targets. The first is to cultivate the present market alone while the second is to go after non-users. The former can inspire consumer loyalty which is an important factor in the survival of any business. In the case of Cakes and Cookies, they should categorize their target market into two market segments: (1) the Cakes and Cookies patrons or those who have already tried the product, and (2) the Cakes and Cookies non-consumers. The Cakes and Cookies consumers further classified into (a) males and (b) females in order to differentiate the market appeal and competitiveness of the offered products in terms of sex as well as the specific consumers for specific types of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries. in order to determine the competitiveness of each product per se. the Cakes and Cookies non- consumers, on the other hand, are further grouped into (a) those who do not eat Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries in general, and (b) those who eat other Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries. These market segmentation schemes according to product use will provide important information regarding the overall competitiveness of Cakes and Cookies products as well as viability and opportunities for encouraging sweeteners non-users to not just try any other average sweeteners but to choose Cakes and Cookies products among others. Moreover, companies now face the challenge of making its target consumers respond accordingly to their marketing efforts and those who understand its consumers’ responses will have a great competitive advantage (Kotler Armstrong, 2001). In this light, Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries should keep in mind the differences that are distinct between and among other bakeshops target market based on different cultural backgrounds which significantly affect the effectiveness of the campaign. The fact is, there may be ideas that will not be applicable across the diverse target market population. Studies on the relationship of consumer behavior and their personal values and cultural orientation as well as their beliefs on certain principles, the dispositions they hold and side they take on political, gender and social problems and issues will be likewise duly accounted. Positioning The changing world has then placed much emphasis on the importance of communication for effective marketing. All types of communication are involved in marketing communications, including literature, training, advertising, mail, telephone, product promotions and other contact relevant to marketing communication. Among the channel members, even follow-up on complaints as well as customer billing may be included within the communication loop. In order to effectively serve the marketing channel, correct timing and accuracy in communications is essential. Moreover, it is important for the company to recognize that all members of the channel have an obligation or important role in maintaining the efficacy of marketing communications. Organizations that capitalize on customers active participation in organizational activities can gain competitive advantage through greater sales volume, enhanced operating efficiencies, positive word-of-mouth publicity, reduced marketing expenses, and enhanced customer loyalty (Lovelock Young, 1979). Channel communications works in a two-way system wherein information transfers to the user and bounces all the way back to the producer (Goldberg McCalley, 1992). In other words, marketing communications works like a feedback system, which allows company producers to relay information to the customers. In response to the provided information, consumers give certain reactions or behaviors. In this light, the electronic transformation of the services offered by Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries will result to better and more efficient and effective customer service system to the clientele. Moreover, the functionality of the online portal for the marketing and advertising needs of the agency will most possibly result to increase customer reach, satisfaction level and return of investment. Furthermore, if consumers somehow become better customers that is, more knowledgeable, participative, or productive the quality of the service experience will likely be enhanced for the customer and the organization (Bowers, Martin Luker, 1990). Finally, some of the ways that companies acquired cost advantages are by improving process efficiencies, gaining unique access to a large source of lower cost materials, making optimal outsourcing and vertical integration decisions, or avoiding some costs altogether. If competing firms are unable to lower their costs by a similar amount, the firm will be able to sustain a competitive advantage based on cost leadership.

Physics of Downhill Skiing :: physics sport sports ski skiing

Skiing is a sport enjoyed by millions of people around the world. The adrenaline rush that skiers get from flying down the slopes is unmatched, but all too often the cause for this rush is overlooked. Physics plays a crucial role in skiing and without it, there would definitely be no skiing. The concept of skiing is simple. You attach a ski to each foot, go to the top of a hill or incline, and slide down, turning side to side. From this basic concept of sliding down an inclined plane, a worldwide sport has evolved. In this paper, I hope you gain a useful knowledge of the vitally important role that physics plays in the sport of downhill skiing. m = mass of skier g = gravitational force a = acceleration mu = kinetic friction coefficient  · Inertial Forces = (m)(a)  · Frictional Force = (mu)(m)(g)(cos theta)  · Graviational Force = (m)(g)(sin theta) Gravity is the force that holds the skier to the ground and is also what pulls the skier down the hill. While gravity is acting straight down on the skier, a normal force is exerted on the skier that opposes gravity. As the skier skis down the hill, he or she will encounter an acceleration. This acceleration is due to gravity caused by a change in the skiers velocity. The mass of a skier is different for every person and is easily calculated by multiplying a skiers weight in kilograms by the gravitational force exerted by the earth. These forces and more are explained throughout the rest of this paper. Gravity is a force that everybody is familiar with and is one of the simplest to understand. We all know that if you were to throw a ball in the air it would fall right back down. This force called gravity exerts a constant acceleration of 9.81 m/sec2 towards the center of the earth. Gravity is what pulls you down the hill. While gravity is being exerted downward, a normal force is being exerted on the skier opposing gravity. This normal force acts perpendicular to the earth's surface, and in this case the mountain on which the skier is skiing. Lets say for instance the skier was on a flat surface, both gravity and the normal force would be acting on the skier but in opposite directions, thereby canceling each other out and resulting in no movement. However when a skier is on the mountain, the combination of gravity and the perpendicular normal force result in the skier being pulled down the mountain at the same angle as the mountain’s slope.

Marketing scenario

Positioned as an premium offering focused to lowest overall cost to end users through superior overall performance. Leader in quality , performance and technological innovation Product lines Carton sealing and industrial tapes Specialized adhesives Other packaging products SKI tape – Manufactured using patented technology and a brand name for pressure sensitive carton sealing tapeEvery high tensile strength and sheer resistance Positioning High Price K Products Low Quality High Quality ‘pack Tensile New Product Low Price Problem Statement ; K tape competed against inferior economy grade products in carton sealing type ; ‘PACK offered 25-35% lesser price ; Revenue of K- $68. 6 million ‘PACK – $28. 5 million 2012 ; Tensile -a new competitor had $2. 7 million dollar sale with one sales representative Should SST stay with high quality product or enter the economy grade segment ?Option 1: Enter the economy grade segment under the same brand PROS Access to t he economy segment Defend market share against competition Diversification of product portfolio CONS Dilution of the brand image as a maker of technological superior product Conceptualization of its own product offering Accoutered product line Option 2: Enter the economy grade segment under different brand Implications for: Customer ; Ability to fulfill need of price sensitive customers ; Possibility of change in perception of being a quality leaderDistributor ; Possibility to offer a low end SST product ; Even wider product range; Limited sales force Sales Force ; Ability to offer more variety in terms of price levels ; More effort to explain product differences Brand ; No positive impact ; Negative impact on brand image Option 2: Stay with high-quality products ; Maintaining image of quality Leader ; Loss of Market share; Not targeting price sensitive consumers ; No need for adjustment in distribution policy.

Wonder Drug

Wonder Drug Most people know that Penicillin is an extremely important drug, but few know just how important and influential it really is. Think about what life would be like today without it. What would be of contemporary medicine today? Would society as a whole succumb to these relentless infinitesimal organisms? What would have been of one’s ancestors if they too like so many before and after incurred a serious infection? This essay shall explore these questions and many like it. It will explain why penicillin is undoubtedly the best medication of the century, perhaps the best medication ever in existence.Penicillin is produced by a bread mold, known as Penicillium. The discovery of Penicillin sometimes referred to as the â€Å"wonder drug† has been the most important drug to date. It has the ability to kill just about any bacterial infection and at the time of it’s creation there was no other drug or anything like it. To this date it has saved millions of chi ldren, women, men and animals. The wonder drug was originally discovered purely by accident by one Alexander Fleming, a Scottish Scientist in the year 1928.Penicillin was later developed further by many different Scientists who were able to use it to create numerous versions of antibiotics to cure a vast range of illnesses. Antibiotics have been used for several years in treatment for a variety of skin disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, strep throat, and respiratory illnesses. Before Penicillin was discovered, if one were to have a serious infection, death was irrefutable. People often would die of the smallest wounds due to bacterial infections. Bacteria mutates quite often, creating antibiotic-resistant organisms. Which makes it become resistant to the drug.Even with this said, there are still only a small amount of bacteria that Penicillin and it’s predecessors can not tackle and over come. One of Penicillin’s most advertised uses was for combating sexually t ransmitted diseases. There are websites that show old advertisements for penicillin on the side of mailboxes that shamelessly state, â€Å"Penicillin cures gonorrhea in four hours see your doctor today. †   Believe it or not during the late 1940’s researchers from the United States performed experimental studies in Guatemala. They had to because these types of studies were not allowed in the states.So with the cooperation of the Guatemalan government, local prostitutes were used to pass on STD’s to prisoners, insane asylum patients, and Guatemalan soldiers to test the wonder drug’s effectiveness. Out of approximately thirteen hundred infected people, eighty three died. Although at that time it was not possible to establish if the experiments were the actual cause of death. Penicillin made a major difference in the amount of amputees and deaths during World War II. Because of the difficulties of manufacturing large amounts of Penicillin, availability was extremely limited.Imagine what the death toll would have been if Penicillin had not been made readily available? In fact Penicillin was so scarce, that in it’s infancy, medical personnel would collect the urine from patients and filter the drug from the urine and reuse it. This is because Penicillin passes through the body at rapid rate, usually in about three to four hours. So some may wonder what makes Penicillin so significant, and what makes it the most important medical drug that has ever come into existence? A lot would argue perhaps Morphine or even the Smallpox vaccines are better examples for the most valuable drug.And although one who would argue this may have some validity to one’s argument in an overall comparison there is really no comparison. Smallpox was a devastating disease that crippled the world, the survival rate was approximately seventy percent, which left the other thirty percent of it’s victims suffering immensely. One who contracted thi s disease would develop blisters and a high fever and often feel malaise with head and body aches and sometimes experience violent vomiting. The blisters were excruciatingly painful and there was little to ease the pain and suffering for its victims.The fever was like none other, often so high that it would cause seizures and hallucinations. It was not until the year 1796 that the Smallpox vaccine was created by a scientist named Edward Jenner. Yet as significant of a vaccine this was it does not outweigh the benefits of Penicillin. At the time Smallpox was a great vaccine for the world. After the world wide eradication though, there was no longer a demand for it. The only people who receive the vaccine currently are military personnel and government contractors traveling overseas. Which in a way is better considering the risks of the vaccine.Some of the risks include seizures, an actual mild case of smallpox, risk spreading it to others by being careless with one’s open woun ds, plus it only provides ninety five percent immunity for up to five years. Penicillin has a decent amount of competing antibiotic drugs such as Clindamycin, Azithromycin, Doxycyclin. First and foremost these would not be in existence if it wasn’t for the creation of Penicillin to perpetuate the making of these. All of the competitor drugs are just various versions of Penicillin so as one can see there is very little argument that it’s predecessors are only what they are because of Penicillin’s creation.The only difference between all of these is the functionality due to the amino group and the gram spectrum of the bacteria one heals. This basically means that each one of these targets a different part or kind of bacteria, but still uses the same principle of the original drug. This is why as stated above there is no argument when it comes to the importance of the creation of Penicillin. This essay has explored what Penicillin is, why it is so influential, and who has benefited from it.It has been used in an array of situations from anything such as a sexually transmitted diseases to strep throat. There is no discrediting the fact that without Penicillin the world as one knows it would never have come into existence, this is why Penicillin is conclusively the most important medical drug ever in existence. Works Cited â€Å"Drugs. † Questions and Answers for Consumers on Penicillin G Procaine. Food and Drug Administration, 23 May 2003. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. . â€Å"Smallpox Disease Overview. † CDC Smallpox. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Dec. 2004. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. .

Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay part 2Essay Writing Service

Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay part 2Essay Writing Service Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay part 2 Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay part 2Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective essay part  1In fact, human growth and development affect inevitably the personal development of each individual. Therefore, clients of clinical mental health counselors are also vulnerable to the impact of their growth and cognitive development. Moreover, the development of mental health problems, as a rule, result from problems in cognitive development. For example, the retardation of the cognitive development of an individual may result in the development of long lasting mental health problems that may need the assistance of the clinical mental health counselor. In such a way, the understanding of mental health problems in clients can help clinical mental health counselors to develop effective approaches to the identification of roots of problems of their clients. Without understanding roots of mental health and psychological problems of clients, clinical mental health counsel ors cannot develop effective approaches to their treatment (Poyrazli, 2003). As a result, clinical mental health counselors should come prepared and understand human growth and development.How an understanding of human growth and development can assist the Clinical Mental Health Counselor?   Please include a discussion related to the context of development as it relates to multiculturalism, developmental disability, and exceptional abilities.Discuss and indicated a basic understanding of the context of development as it relates to multiculturalism, developmental disability, and exceptional abilities and apply information to the field of clinical mental health counseling and support information with cited references.The context of development is vulnerable to the impact of multiple factors, such as the cultural environment, individual developmental abilities or disabilities, and other factors that influence the individual development (Lucke, 2014). In this regard, the cultural impa ct is the most significant and may affect the personal development consistently. In fact, the cultural environment contributes to the formation of basic cultural social norms and values which influence the personal behavior, views and beliefs.At this point, multiculturalism has a particularly significant impact on the personal development of individuals. Unlike the monocultural environment, the multicultural environment is richer in terms of the cultural development of individuals because they learn from different cultural groups different norms and values. They open the way to the development of the broader eyesight and tolerance since people growing up in the culturally diverse environment learn that people are different and they may have different cultural values and norms. Instead, they tend to develop universal values and norms, which are applicable to the multicultural environment that means that these values and norms are acceptable for all cultural groups and actually are cu lturally neutral.The developmental disability is an important issue that affects consistently the personal and cognitive development of individuals. In fact, the developmental disability slows down the cognitive development and prevents individuals from the successful development, respectively to their age. Instead, developmental disabilities raise barriers on the way to the standard development of individuals (Lucke, 2014). As a result, individuals have difficulties with the transition to the next stage in their cognitive development. Such individuals need the assistance from the part of clinical mental health counselors, who can identify their problem and help to tackle their mental health and developmental problem successfully.Exceptional abilities are also quite challenging for the cognitive development of individuals. In contrast to the developmental disability, exceptional abilities involve specific abilities which are at the above the average level in individuals with excepti onal abilities. In contrast to the average people, people with exceptional abilities are gifted and outpace the average development of other individuals. For example, a child gifted in math may have exceptional mathematical abilities. At first glance, such a child will be more successful in learning math and related-subjects and outpace his/her peers (Tummala-Narra, 2013). On the other hand, such exceptional abilities in the field of math may alienate the child from his/her peers, who may feel their inferiority because of their gaps in math skills. The child may feel bored at math classes. At the same time, the child may have problems with the successful socialization because he/she may focus on the further development of math skills rather than on the development of social relations with their peers or other people.In what ways are the basic principles of your chosen developmental framework applied in contemporary clinical mental health counseling practice?   Please include a dis cussion related to how development according to your chosen theory contributes to a client’s resilience, and how the clinical mental health counselor can contribute to the client’s development of resiliency.Discuss and indicated a basic understanding of how development according to  chosen theory contributes to a client’s resilience and applied information to the field of clinical mental health counseling and support information with cited references.Piaget’s developmental theory holds the premise that individuals undergo through several stages in the course of their cognitive development. Each stage is characterized by the development of certain skills and abilities which prepare the individual to the transition to the next stage of the cognitive development (Watts, 2003). This theory contributes to the client’s resilience due to the better understanding of the current level of the cognitive development of the client. In such a way, the clinical mental health counselor should adapt to the current level of the cognitive development of the client and apply that information to develop effective approaches to counseling the particular client.Discuss and indicate a basic understanding of  how the clinical mental health counselor can contribute to the client’s development of resiliency and applied information to the field of clinical mental health counseling and supported information with cited references.The clinical mental health counselor can contribute to the client’s resiliency since he/she can offer multiple solutions and approaches to solution of the client’s mental health or psychological problem (Poyrazli, 2003). In such a way, the client can use specific recommendations of the clinical mental health counselor to change his/her behavior and elaborate positive behavioral patterns.Discussed and indicated a basic understanding of what ways the basic principles of the chosen developmental framework ar e applied in contemporary clinical mental health counseling practice and applied knowledge to examples and supported with cited references.Piaget’s developmental theory implies that individuals undergo different stages in their cognitive development. As a rule, individuals reach certain stage in their cognitive development through the development of basic skills, emotional development, and language development (Tummala-Narra, 2013). The transition between stages occurs in the natural way. The failure of the individual to develop the desired behavioral patterns at any stage of the cognitive development can trigger the development of psychological or mental health problems in a long-run perspective.Thus, the cognitive development of individuals may have a considerable impact on the performance of the clinical mental health counselor because counselors should understand human growth and development and apply it to their work with each client.

Lifespan Development Sociology Essay Sample

Lifespan Development Sociology Essay Sample Lifespan Development Sociology Essay Example Lifespan Development Sociology Essay Example It is well recognized among developmental theorists that neither heredity nor environment can account for development over lifespan. This paper aims at offering the understanding of human development. The work commences with presenting an explanation of the various facets of development, which include personal/social, cognitive and physical development. The relationship between age and aspects of developments are also revisited. From the various sources, it becomes evident that factors such as nonstop versus sporadic lifespan change, and critical versus sensitive periods of development, influence development over lifespan. Psychodynamic theory, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic perspectives are considered further in the understanding of human development. Some of these concepts differ in their explanation of development. Some maintain that development is continuous, while some are of the opinion that this process is discontinuous. Development over lifespan focuses on the progress of human being. Though there exist other developmentalists studying development from nonhuman perspectives, the majority of them investigates growth and change in humans. Some scientists seek to comprehend the universal tenets of developments, while some concentrate on how racial, cultural and ethnic differences influence the lifespan development course. Others are also still focusing on comprehending the exceptional characteristics of individuals by examining the traits that distinguish one individual from the others over the course of his/her life. Irrespective of the approach, all theories tend to view the process as an incessant progression throughout the lifespan. As theorists concentrate on the trends in which people transform and grow their lives, they also regard stability in the lives of people they are studying. Researchers have attempted to find the areas and periods within which human beings exhibit change and grow. They a lso have strived to study consistency and continuity in human behavior. Generally, developmental over lifespan is an interesting and wide topic. On this background, this paper discusses the development of human beings in relation to factors influencing it, and theoretical perspectives that have guided it. Aspects of Lifespan Development Development over lifespan is a multifaceted domain. Its first sphere is physical development. It relates to the manner in which the composition of the body assists in the determination of behavior. The brain, muscles, senses and nervous system are considered as the major composition of the body (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). For instance, studies focusing on physical development might assess the impacts of several factors, such as malnutrition, on the pace of growth of children as they undertake education. The dietary habits are the main influencing factor on physical development. In relation to this study, a connection between retarded growths and nutrition, which might have an impact on education of a child, can be seen. The second facet of lifespan development is cognitive development. Researchers on this issue aim at comprehending how growth and variation in cognitive abilities dictate the behavior of an individual. The scientist examined how memory, learning and problem solving abilities and intelligence are acquired (Messer Wolitzky, 2010). Straightforwardly, cognitive development plays a crucial role in education, because it determines the ability of child to memorize and internalize what he or she is taught in class. Some researchers have investigated how problem-solving abilities vary over the course of life. As a cognitive scientist, an individual can also be interested in the manner in which human beings experience traumatic events in early life, which they would recall at old age (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). The third facet is personality development, which often overlaps with social development. This issue focuses on the study of transformation and constancy in the long-term aspects that forms a person’s individuality over his/her lifespan. Allan (2011) defined social development as the style in which people interrelate with others as their social relations, which can change and remain unchanging over time. Personal development studies might concentrate on recognizing stability and long-term personal traits, throughout lifespan. Conversely, social development studies might concentrate on the influences of racism, poverty, or divorce on human development (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). All the three facets of development have an impact on one another. Age and Individual Variations Besides focusing on a specific facet, an educational developmentalist might decide to examine how age and associated differences vary over lifespan. Human life can be divided into broad age categories. The first phase is prenatal stage, which is actually the period between conception and birth. The second age category is toddlerhood, which is the duration between birth and the third year of life. The subsequent age category is preschool stage, which constitutes children aged from three to six years (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). The next age phase is middle childhood, which comprises of individuals aged between six and twelve years. The fifth age group is puberty, which constitutes of individuals aged between twelve and twenty years. The subsequent stage is young adulthood, and it consists of people aged between twenty and forty years. The seventh phase is middle adulthood (persons aged between forty and sixty five years). The last age category is late adulthood, comprising of persons aged above sixty five years. Every development facet – social, cognitive, physical and personality development – plays a significant role in development over lifespan (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). As a result, some developmentalist studies have concentrated on physical development during the prenatal period, while others during adolescence. Similarly, Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde (2014) focused on instances of social development during preschool years, whereas Dykas Cassidy (2011) investigated social relations during late adulthood. Cohort and Other Impacts on Development A cohort refers to a group of individuals born at virtually the same time in the same place. Major social phenomenon, such as economic crisis, wars, famines and epidemics result in the same influences on the constituents of a cohort (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). From the perceptive of an educator, these effects assist in determining how cohort members affect a child’s readiness for school. For instance, an educator might attempt to find the benefits and limitations of coming from a cohort in which Internet use is a routine, compared to the earlier cohorts who lived before the inception of the Internet (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). Villar (2012) classified cohort impacts on development as age-graded and history-graded. They offer a good example of history-graded impacts, which are both environmental and biological influences linked to specific historical time. For example, persons who lived during the 9/11 attack have collective environmental and biological challenges resulting from it (Villar, 2012). On the other hand, age-graded impacts are environmental and biological influences common to individuals of specific age group, irrespectively of when or where they were brought up. For instance, biological phenomena, including menopause and puberty, are universal events occurring at comparatively the same age for all individuals, throughout all communities. Likewise, a sociocultural event, such as commencement of formal education can be regarded as an age-grade influence since it takes place in virtually all the cultures at around age of six (Villar, 2012). Socio-cultural-graded impacts also influence human development. Glà ¼ck Bluck (2011) defined these influences as social and cultural factors existing in a specific time for specific person, depending on ethnicity, subcultural and social class membership. For instance, socio-cultural-graded impact will be more significant for children from wealthy white race than for children from poor minority group (Pfeifer Peake, 2012). Key Factors Determining the Nature of Lifespan Development For developmentalists, the variation and range in lifespan development raises several questions and issues. Some of these issues are linked to appropriate ways of thinking about the drastic transformations that an individual undergoes from before birth to death. Some of the questions have also been asked regarding the importance of chronological age. These issues and questions have been argued since lifespan development first became introduced as a distinct field in the early XX century (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). In this section, the paper examines the issues determining the nature and nurture of lifespan development. Nonstop Versus Sporadic Lifespan Change Developmentalists, such as Pfeifer Peake (2012), have debated whether development proceeds in a nonstop or sporadic style. Development is steady with achievements at one phase acting as input in the next phase in continuous development change. Nonstop development change is quantitative, which implies that the key underlying developmental processes driving transformation remain the same over the course of lifespan (Pfeifer Peake, 2012). Nonstop change produces transformations that are a matter of extend, and not of kind. An example of a nonstop/continuous transformation is the change in height before adulthood. However, some theorists, including Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde (2014), have also suggested that alteration in a person’s thinking abilities is a continuous process, exhibiting regular quantitative improvements, instead of developing entirely new cognitive abilities. On the other hand, development can be perceived as mainly constituting sporadic changes, taking place in different phases. Every change or stage results in behavior that is presumed to be qualitatively disparate from behavior at previous stages (Allan, 2011). Consequently, sporadic change is a matter of qualitative change, rather than quantitative. Despite being considered a continuous process, some theorists, such as Messer Wolitzky (2010), have pointed out that cognitive development is of a sporadic nature. Despite the issues surrounding continuity and discontinuity of development, majority of developmentalists affirm that leaning on either side is not appropriate. Whereas several developmental changes exhibit continuity, others clearly demonstrate discontinuity. Critical Versus Sensitive Periods of Development A critical period refers to a specific time in the development process when a specific event has its utmost magnitudes. Critical period seems to take place when the availability or presence of certain forms of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed. Despite early theories on lifespan development emphasizing on the significance of critical periods, recent theories argue that, in several domains, individuals are more pliable than was first perceived, especially in the realm of social and personality development (Messer Wolitzky, 2010). For example, instead of suffering an enduring damage from inadequate form of social experiences, there is emerging proof that individuals can utilize later experiences to their benefit, in order to overcome earlier inadequacies. ause of the emerging proofs, developmental theorists are leaning more regarding sensitive period. Messer Wolitzky (2010) defined this phase as an instance in development when organisms are especially vulnerable to some forms of stimuli in the environment, though the absence of the stimuli does not often result in an irreversible effect. From an educators perspective, there is age when a child is sensitive to education partially because children around are going to school. The other school-going children act as stimuli, and their absence result in irreversible effect (Glà ¼ck Bluck, 2011). For educators, it is significant to comprehend the distinction between the notions of sensitive and critical periods. In critical periods, it is assumed that the unavailability of certain forms of environmental influences is likely to result in permanent irreversible consequences for the development (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). Consequently, teachers can use critical periods to instill knowledge to children since they are unlikely to forget what is learnt in such phases. On the other hand, despite the unavailability of certain environmental influences during the sensitive period hindering development, it is possible for later experiences to overcome earlier inadequacies. Consequently, sensitive periods play a crucial role in linking cognitive process, thereby allowing remembering (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). Theoretical Views on Lifespan Development There are several theoretical perspectives applicable to lifespan development. Some of the most frequently used include psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic theories (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). Each of these theoretical perspectives provides distinct aspects of lifespan development, and influences educators in specific directions. In addition, every concept continues evolving as required by the growing and dynamic discipline. Psychodynamic Theoretical Perspective This theoretical perspective focuses on the inner person. The supporters of psychodynamic theoretical perspective strongly believe that inner forces, conflicts and memories that an individual has little or no awareness or control, mostly influence human behavior. They might emerge from one’s childhood, and continually proceed influencing his/her behavior throughout the lifespan (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is often linked to the psychodynamic theoretical perspective. According to Freud, insentient forces determine personality and behavior. It is a part of one’s personality about which he or she is not aware (Glà ¼ck Bluck, 2011). The insentient part of an individual constitutes the childhood wishes, desires, needs and demands that are concealed from the sentient part due to their disturbing characteristics. According to psychoanalytic theory, the insentient plays a substantial role in the determination of everyday behavior (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). Freud suggested that a sequence of phases that a child undergoes focuses on specific biological function and body part. He assumed that the personality of everyone has three elements that include ego, id and superego (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). The id refers to the raw, unorganized inborn segment of personality that is evident at birth. It represents primitive motivations linked to aggression, sex, irrational impulses and hunger. Freud suggested that the id functions are based on the pleasure principle; in their objective is the maximization and reduction of tension. The ego refers to the segment of the personality that is sensible and rational. To Freud, it serves as a buffer between the real world and the primitive id (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). Its functions are based on the reality principle, which holds that instinctual energy is controlled to maintain the safety of the individual and assist in the integration of the person into the society (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). The superego refers to the conscious mind of an individual that engages in distinguishing wrong and right. It begins to develop during preschool period, and is acquired from teachers, parents and other important figures (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). To an educator, it is therefore evident that superego determines whether a child acquires concepts learned. Psychosocial Theory Erik Erikson invented the psychosocial theory. According to it, the society and culture have an influence on development (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). Erikson’s psychosocial development theory integrates one’s interaction with comprehension of one another, as well as one’s understanding and knowledge of himself/herself as a society member. The scientist agrees with the fact that development takes place in the eight phases mentioned above. According to Erikson, these stages emerge in a fixed style, and are the same for all individuals. He argued that every phase presents a conflict that an individual must resolve. Despite no crises has ever reached full resolution, which makes life sophisticates, an individual has to address them at every stage in order to address the demands made during the subsequent stage. In contradiction to Freud, who asserted that development comparatively ceases at adolescence, Erikson pointed out that growth and change proceed throughout lifes pan (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). Behavioral Perspective The behavioral perspective holds that the keys to comprehending development are visible behavior and external environmental stimuli (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2014). If one knows the stimuli, then it becomes possible to predict his or her behavior. However, behavioral theories do not acknowledge the notion of age-graded impact, which maintains that all people experience a sequence of phases. The two known behavioral theories include classical conditioning, and operant conditioning (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). It is widely recognized that human beings develop through learning, and these two theories focus on learning through observable behavior. Classical conditioning theory holds that it is possible to get the full comprehension of development by carefully examining stimuli that the environment constitutes (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). Classical conditioning takes place when an individual learns to react in a certain manner to a neutral stimulus, which frequently does not evoke that form of reaction. Conditioning refers to a form of learning in which the reaction linked to one provocation can be associated to another one. The process of classical conditioning elucidates how human beings learn emotional reactions in order to develop emotionally (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). Operant conditioning refers to type of learning in which voluntary reactions are fortified or weakened by the relationship with negative or positive. It varies from classical conditioning in which reaction is voluntary and resolute instead of automatic. In this form of learning, individuals act intentionally on their surroundings to cause desired consequences (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). The chances that an adult or child will repeat a certain observable behavior relies on whether the behavior is followed by reinforcement. In this scenario, reinforcement refers to the process through which the provocation is offered, which increases the chances that the preceding behavior will be repeated. Therefore, in relation to education, a student is dedicated to working hard in school if he or she receives good grades. Besides, punishment or the introduction of an unfriendly stimulus decreases the chances that a previous behavior will be repeated. Operant conditioning seems to have applications in education (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). It is also used to rectify behavior of students by introducing punishment, which is an unpleasant provocation. Cognitive Perspective This perspective makes emphasis on how humans internally represent and think about the universe. By utilizing this perspective, developmentalists hope to comprehend how people process information, and how their thinking affects their behavior. Piaget’s theory falls under cognitive perspective (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). This theory maintains that everyone passes through a fixed series of universal stages of cognitive development. Jean Piaget argued that both quantity and quality of information processed by an individual increases at every stage. However, the quality of knowledge and comprehension also changes (Lucas Donnellan, 2011). This theory represents human thinking in terms of schemes, which are organized in mental patterns representing actions and behaviors. They represent concrete behavior in infants; they have scheme for reaching and sucking among others. Older children have more sophisticated and abstract schemes. For instance they might have one relating to skills for playing interactive video games. The schemes can be likened to computer software that instructs the operations of the computer. To Piaget, the growth of child’s comprehension of the universe can be elucidated by two key principles of assimilation and accommodation (Dykas Cassidy, 2011). Humanistic Perspective The humanistic perspective maintains that human beings have the natural ability to make decisions concerning their lives. This perspective emphasizes on free will, rather than depending on societal standards. It assumes that people are motivated to make decisions concerning what to do with their lives. Major supporters of humanistic perspective argue that everyone has a need for positive regard, which emanates from an underlying wish to be respected or loved. Since other people are those providing this respect and love, one is dependent on them. As a result, one’s view of him/her and self-worth is an indication of how he or she thinks others view him or her (Allan, 2011). This paper has discussed development over lifespan in relation to factors influencing it, and theoretical perspectives. The various facets of development include physical, personal/social, and cognitive development. Physical development focuses on the manner in which the composition of the body assists in the determination of behavior. Cognitive facet aims at comprehending how growth and variation in cognitive abilities dictate the behavior of an individual. Personality development centers on the study of change and stability in the lasting aspects that distinguish individuals from others over lifespan. Some of the most frequently used theoretical perspectives include psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic theories. Some of the key factors influencing lifespan development include nonstop versus sporadic lifespan change, and critical versus sensitive periods of development.

African Americans and the Progressive Era

African Americans and the Progressive Era The Progressive Era spanned the years from 1890–1920 when the United States was experiencing rapid growth. Immigrants from eastern and southern Europe arrived in droves. Cities were overcrowded, and those living in poverty suffered greatly. Politicians in the major cities controlled their power through various political machines. Companies were creating monopolies and controlling many of the nation’s finances. The Progressive Movement A concern emerged from many Americans who believed that great change was needed in society to protect everyday people. As a result, the concept of reform took place in society. Reformers such as social workers, journalists, educators, and even politicians  emerged to change society. This was known as the Progressive Movement. One issue was consistently ignored: the plight of African Americans in the United States. African Americans were faced with consistent racism in the form of segregation in public spaces and disenfranchisement from the political process. Access to quality healthcare, education, and housing was scarce, and lynchings were rampant in the South.   To counter these injustices, African American reformists also emerged to expose and then fight for equal rights in the United States. African American Reformers of the Progressive Era Booker T. Washington was an  educator who established the Tuskegee Institute. Washington argued that African Americans should learn trades that would offer them the opportunity to be progressive citizens. Instead of fighting against discrimination, Washington argued that African Americans should use their education and knowledge to become self-sufficient in American society and not in competition with white Americans.W.E.B Du Bois was the founder of the  Niagara Movement and later the NAACP, Du Bois disagreed with Washington. He argued that African Americans should consistently fight for racial equality.Ida B. Wells  was  a journalist who wrote about the horrors of lynching in the South. Wells work made her a muckraker, one of several white and black journalists who wrote news stories about social, political, and economic conditions that led to changes. Wells reporting led to the development of the Anti-Lynching Campaign.   Organizations National Association of Colored Women was established in 1896 by a group of middle-class African American women. The goal of the NACW was to develop the economic, moral, religious and social welfare of women and children. The NACW also worked to end social and racial inequality.Niagara Movement was developed  in 1905 by William Monroe Trotter and W. E. B. Du Bois. Trotter and DuBois mission was to develop an aggressive way of fighting racial inequality.National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was an outgrowth of the Niagara Movement and was established in 1909. Since then the organization has been essential to fighting social and racial inequality through legislation, court cases, and protests.National Urban League  was  established in 1910, this organizations mission was to end racial discrimination and provide economic empowerment to African Americans who migrated from southern rural areas to northern cities through the Great Migration. Womens Suffrage One of the major initiatives of the Progressive Era was the womens suffrage movement. However, many organizations that were established to fight for the voting rights of women either marginalized or ignored African American women. As a result, African American women such as Mary Church Terrell became dedicated to organizing women on the local and national level to fight for equal rights in society. The work of white suffrage organizations along with African American womens organizations ultimately led to the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, which granted women the right to vote. African American  Newspapers While mainstream newspapers during the Progressive Era focused on the horrors of urban blight and political corruption, lynching and the effects of Jim Crow laws were largely ignored. African-Americans began publishing daily and weekly newspapers such as the Chicago Defender, Amsterdam News,​ and the Pittsburgh Courier to expose the local and national injustices of African Americans. Known as the Black Press, journalists such as William Monroe Trotter, James Weldon Johnson, and Ida B. Wells all wrote about lynching and segregation as well as the importance of becoming socially and politically active. Monthly publications such as The Crisis, the official magazine of the NAACP and Opportunity, published by the National Urban League became necessary to spread the news about the positive achievements of African Americans as well. Effects of African American Initiatives During the Progressive Era Although the African American fight to end discrimination did not lead to immediate changes in legislation, several changes did take place that impacted African Americans. Organizations such as the Niagara Movement, NACW, NAACP, NUL all resulted in building stronger African-American communities by providing healthcare, housing, and educational services. The reporting of lynching and other acts of terror in African American newspapers ultimately led to mainstream newspapers publishing articles and editorials on this issue, making it a national initiative. Lastly, the work of Washington, Du Bois, Wells, Terrell, and countless others ultimately led to the protests of the Civil Rights Movement sixty years later. Resources and Further Reading Diner, Steven J. A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998.Frankel, Noralee and Nancy S. Dye (eds.) Gender, Class, Race, and Reform in the Progressive Era. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1991.Franklin, Jimmie. Blacks and the Progressive Movement: Emergence of a New Synthesis. OAH Magazine of History 13.3 (1999): 20–23. Print.McGerr, Michael E. A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920. Oxford: Oxford University PressStovall, Mary E. The Chicago Defender in the Progressive Era. Illinois Historical Journal 83.3 (1990): 159–72. Print.Stromqvist, Sheldon. Reinventing The People: The Progressive Movement, the Class Problem, and the Origins of Modern Liberalism. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2005.

Starbucks Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbucks Questions - Essay Example STARBUCKS COMPETITIVE SITUATION Starbucks was started by three Seattle friends in 1971 as Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spices however; later on the name was changed to Starbucks Coffee (Burks, 2009). In the early years of its operations, Starbucks was the market leader in coffee industry however, changes in the industry competitive structure enhanced competition for the company. Today, Starbucks is competing with many coffee brands in the international markets and these small companies like Caribou Coffee Company and Green Mountain Coffee Roasters are stealing market shares of Starbucks by developing an image of unique quality coffee, which is the same business model that Starbucks implemented in early days of its operations (Wikinvest, 2010). Porters’ Five Forces Model Threats of new entry: Threats of new entry in the industry are significantly high because of no barriers to entry. The capital required to start a coffee shop is very low and since the coffee shops are recognised as a third-place between office and home therefore, high demand attracts more entrants in this industry.

Spacial topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Spacial topic - Essay Example 2. Operational decision makers- After creation of the business strategy, the objectives for the operation business process are established. 3. Reporting, controlling and analytical processes- The necessary information and data for the desired changes in operational managers’ behavior are identified and specified by the business analysts. 4. ELT developers and data base specialists- The data from data warehouses is gathered by the database specialist or the ETL (extract, transformation, and load) developer who make it assessable and usable to the front-end application of the business. 5. IT Professionals- In this layer, infrastructure run and develop the primary data is developed by generating sources or creating new data by the IT professionals. (Laursen & Thorlund, 2010) Chapter 2 Question1. Explain the process of business analytics at strategic level. Answer. The process of business analytics at strategic level could be explained by integration between the BA function and th e company’s strategy. There are four different scenarios showing the degree of integration between business strategy and strategy: 1. Where no formal link exists between strategy and BA, the BA function is used on an ad hoc basis. 2. When the link between BA and strategy is coordinated, the BA function is purely reactive and there is no feedback procedure from BA to strategy. 3. When there is a formal feedback procedure from BA to strategy and strategy innovation is supported by BA. 4. Where the information is used as a strategic resource. It enables the information to be used to determine the strategy. (Laursen & Thorlund, 2010) Chapter 3 Question1. Explain the process of establishing a new business processes with the Rockart model? Answer. The process of establishing a new business processes with the Rockart model consists of the following stages: 1. Objectives- The first step is the identification of the objectives, i.e. to identify the aim and purpose of the information t o be developed. 2. Operational Strategy- The operational strategy to fulfill the objective is identified and implemented. 3. Critical Success Factors- A large number of activities are initiated by implementation of a strategy. Some of these activities are more critical than others. All such critical success factors should be identified. 4. Lead and Lag Information- The information at functional level can be broadly classified as: Lag information- The information which we choose to register on an ongoing basis is the lag information. Lead information- Lead information is created on the basis of lag information. It helps in monitoring and improving the existing or initiating processes. (Laursen & Thorlund, 2010) Chapter 4 Question1. What are the required competencies of a business analyst? Answer. A business analyst is a provider of methodology. A business analyst must meet the following requirements: 1. Business competencies- A business analyst must have the business competencies and should understand the business process properly. He or she must have the business insight. 2. Tool Kit must be in order- A business analyst should be able to deliver multiple information in same data and should be able to visualize the information as the user. 3. Technical understanding- The business analyst should have the technical understanding of the information which could be used in collection and presentation of data. (Laursen & Thorl

Gender Development in the Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Development in the Family - Essay Example This portrayal of boys and girls in television commercials and cartoons is expected to create more dominant males and submissive females. Boys will see masculinity as being rational, efficient, competitive, and ruthless while girls will be imbued with femininity by being compliant, emotional, and cooperative (Chandler 5). It should also be noted that commercials and cartoons portray these characteristics as â€Å"natural.† 2.  W hat negative or positive implications do current gender images have for families and our society?   Stereotypes generally create a double standard in the society (Double Standard 3). Current gender images promote discrimination and injustice by making people judged by what they are instead of what they do. In our present society, men are often given more career opportunities than women. An extreme example of double standard is the slut/stud, where a man who slept with ten women is generally envied and highly regarded by his peers while a woman did the same will become an object of disgust.   3.  How do different family ideologies influence goals that a family system might have regarding gender roles?   Family ideologies have huge implications on shaping gender roles. More conservative families tend to favor the more traditional and conventional values. In this type of ideology, girls are raised to be demure, gentle, sensitive, submissive, and dependent while boys are raised to be active, aggressive, and independent. Traditional families also favor male dominance.

News Release Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Release - Essay Example But just to allay the Chinese community’s concern, we conducted a test and the result is negative†. Also, as a conscientious company that is committed to delivering hightest possible quality of burgers to its Chinese consuming public, Burger King agrees with the Environment Secretary Owen Paterson said it was "completely unacceptable" that consumers were being sold food that contained horse in place of beef† of which Burger King will never consider of mixing horsemeat with its beef patties. Burger King initiated its own internal meat testing on all its meat components to verify if the company is affected by the horsemeat scandal that permeated in UK and Ireland. This is ahead and separate from the government’s mandate to test all processed beef products for authenticity to double check that indeed we only give 100% beef grade meat to our customers. To assure the consuming public about the quality of Burger King’s meat, we extended the checks to other components of the business and performed a thorough quality inspection among our process and suppliers. In the process, we also would like to inform the consuming public and the regulatory authorities that Burger King severed all business ties with suppliers who were accused of the horsemeat scandal. This is the company’s effort to remove any possible contamination of horsemeat among Burger Kings meat products that would undermine the company’s commitment to its consuming public that it will onl y offer 100% highest quality beef in its burger patties. It is unfortunate that there are several businesses that do not enforce the highest ethical practice in their business operations that prompted them to mislabel their products or defraud their customers with the quality of content of their products. Burger King condemned this to be fraudulent and misleading business practice

Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War Term Paper

Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War - Term Paper Example Term paper "Lincoln and coming of the Civil War" briefly demonstrates all historical picture of that times with key dates and persons, which affected the course of this war. The political conflict finally grew up into cruel brother-killing war without any intimation of democracy and justice. It all started with Abraham Lincoln election and separating of United States into Southern Democrat, Northern Democrat, and the Constitutional Union. After Lincoln's inauguration on March 4, 1861, seven states had seceded. These states formed the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis as its president. One month later, when Confederate forces under General P.G.T. Beauregard fired on Union-defended Fort Sumter in South Carolina, the American Civil War began. President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to crush the rebellion. The author tries to figure out the main dilemma in these events. For example: Was the slavery the only reason for Confederacy to be involved in this war? Was it possible to find a peaceful way for this conflict? Critically analyzing the main actions and strategies of historical important persons, the author finds his own and unique, devoid of prejudice opinion, which shows motives of both sides in the best way. Also. this paper contains different summaries of chapters alongside with some kind of philosophical question: "How would you personally do, being on the Abraham Lincoln place?". This paper is high-quality, solid-structured student's work with the A+ potential!... George Meade to capture the Army of the Potomac. On July 1, these two armies clashed at Gettysburg, PA. The fighting lasted for three days; Lee’s forces were crushed and they retreated. A few days after, Grant besieged Vicksburg and opened the Mississippi to shipping. This divided the South into two and decreased access to critical resources. In the summer of1863, Gen. William Rosecrans and his Union troops went to Georgia, but tasted defeat at Chickamauga. They fled to the north, but experienced further defeat at Chattanooga. Grant was instructed to save them, and he amassed victories at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. The next spring, Grant left and turned over leadership to Gen. William Sherman. Sherman went south and became successful in taking Atlanta, and then his forces marched to Savannah. Once getting to the boundaries of the sea, they pushed the Confederate forces until their commander, Gen. Joseph Johnston, capitulated at Durham, NC on April 18, 1865. In Marc h 1864, Grant commanded all Union armies and dealt with Lee at the east. On April 1865, Lee was forced to abandon the city and go to the west. Grant took Richmond in the process. On April 9, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House. Summary of Gettysburg Address On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln conveyed the Gettysburg Address to the public in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Through this speech, Lincoln commemorates the sacrifices of those who died to preserve the Union. In a very short speech, Lincoln reminded the public why the war had to be fought and how the Union won the Civil War. He stressed that the war is not about quashing the Confederacy rebellion per se. More than that, it is about the promotion of equality and freedom for all. We should not

News Release Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Release - Essay Example But just to allay the Chinese community’s concern, we conducted a test and the result is negative†. Also, as a conscientious company that is committed to delivering hightest possible quality of burgers to its Chinese consuming public, Burger King agrees with the Environment Secretary Owen Paterson said it was "completely unacceptable" that consumers were being sold food that contained horse in place of beef† of which Burger King will never consider of mixing horsemeat with its beef patties. Burger King initiated its own internal meat testing on all its meat components to verify if the company is affected by the horsemeat scandal that permeated in UK and Ireland. This is ahead and separate from the government’s mandate to test all processed beef products for authenticity to double check that indeed we only give 100% beef grade meat to our customers. To assure the consuming public about the quality of Burger King’s meat, we extended the checks to other components of the business and performed a thorough quality inspection among our process and suppliers. In the process, we also would like to inform the consuming public and the regulatory authorities that Burger King severed all business ties with suppliers who were accused of the horsemeat scandal. This is the company’s effort to remove any possible contamination of horsemeat among Burger Kings meat products that would undermine the company’s commitment to its consuming public that it will onl y offer 100% highest quality beef in its burger patties. It is unfortunate that there are several businesses that do not enforce the highest ethical practice in their business operations that prompted them to mislabel their products or defraud their customers with the quality of content of their products. Burger King condemned this to be fraudulent and misleading business practice

The effects of advertising on children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The effects of advertising on children - Essay Example This "The Effects of Advertising on Children" essay outlines the impact of the ad on the children, their behavior, eating disorders and bad habits. Almost all food and beverage companies are using television advertisements aiming to target the children. (McGinnis et al., 2006) These advertisements include: TV commercials, product placement, and character licensing in order to persuade children to consume low nutrient foods with more high calories, sugar, salt, and fattening foods like cereals, hamburgers, French fries, pizza, and hot dogs among others. Mc Donald’s, KFC, and Burger King are only some of the companies that widely use advertisements on TV, billboards, and even on the newspaper. Some of these kids also hear these advertisements on the radio. Advertisers have a convincing way of making fast food advertisements look extremely delicious and appetizing. On the other hand, fast food companies know how to make their food taste better by adding high sugar, salt, and fat contents. (Well, n.d.) The combination of television, radio, and print advertisements together with the good tastes of these foods make children crave for more each day. Unconsciously, fast food restaurants become the brand and food preferences of these children. Thus, affecting their health negatively. Based on a research study, there is a possible correlation between childhood obesity and sugary foods advertisements on the television. Another study shows that fast-food consumption is strongly associated with the sudden increase in weight and insulin resistance.

Of Mice and Men Chapter 2 Analysis Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Chapter 2 Analysis Essay The purpose of my essay is to look at how Slim is presented as a threat to George and Lennie later on in the novel Of Mice and Men. The first time that we meet Slim in the novel is on page 34. Steinbeck goes into a very detailed description of him, describing him in a beautiful manner, and then the first thing that we hear from Slim is Brightern a bitch outside. All throughout the novel, George has been telling Lennie not to trust anyone, dont talk to anybody, you cant trust them. Yet when George first meets Slim, there very first conversation is a philosophical one. They talk about traveling, and more specifically traveling together. George says its nicer to travel with a friend, which could foreshadow a vulnerability on his part. George is already trusting Slim too much, he has only just met him, he shouldnt be so trusting of Slim. Even though Slim seems to be a gentle and kind person, George has just met him and should not be so trusting. George is beginning to contradict himself and what he told Lennie, not only by being so trusting of Slim, but he told Slim that he was his friend. Yet he told the boss that Lennie was his friend. This essay has looked at how Slim can possibly present a threat to George and Lennie in the novel.

Renaissance Love Poem Versus Current Love Song English Literature Essay

Renaissance Love Poem Versus Current Love Song English Literature Essay In the current essay we will compare the Renaissance poem by Christopher Marlowe The Passionate Shepherd to His Love and current popular song Love The Way You Lie, performed by Rihanna and Eminem. It is obvious there will be crucial differences in the approach to express feelings and to say I love you in a very different manner. In the poem by Christopher Marlowe The Passionate Shepherd to His Love we can see the described nature by the author, a lot of romance and very timidly asks a woman to be his Love. And in the current popular song Love The Way You Lie, performed by Rihanna and Eminem, we can see the other century in the words and in the sense. It can be seen that there are other values; other ways to express feelings, there is less romance and more creativity in the song. The song describes the pain people get, as the love hurts and this point is the main and it is described in detail in the current song. The description of the feelings and love today differs so much from the last years and centuries, as we seem to have other things that are in the way of the relationships. Each century has its problems, its technologies and its peculiarities. That is why we are able to see such contrast between two people who are in love and who try to be convincing using their words. While the song give us a lot of information about the relationships, its problems, the poem reminds a tide of feelings and descriptions of what the author was seeing at the moment when he was writing the poem. Beautifully described nature in the poem makes everyone who read it to imagine everything the author is describing, as it seems calm and beautiful, magical and eternal. It can be certainly noted, that in the times of Renaissance, love was perceived as nature- beautiful, independent, perfect. Today, in our materialistic society, it cannot be perceived this way anymore. Today people have other values, invented by them, as they forget about the real important things to appreciate, as we have so many other things to pay attention that sometimes we forget about feelings and their importance. It can be seen in the song, as there is describe the situation of how people got along with each other, and a man describes his love in short words, he does not say anything romantic. Probable today men are not so romantic as they were at the times of a Renaissance, as today the society has other values that can overshadow the important things. As well, maybe women have accepted the fact that they will not hear romantic words and sincere words of feelings from a man, because today different gifts and presents, unfortunately, substitute them. As we live in the materia listic society, then we are forced to play by its rules. One more cause of such change in the perception of love in centuries may be the technological progress, as in the period of Renaissance people could communicate with the help of letters, and now it is possible to make phone calls, to write messages on the cell phone, e-mails, communicate via social media and chat. At the times of Renaissance people missed each other more and consequently valued more, and now when there are many things available to use and many ways to communicate, people start looking for something more interesting, always searching for the better. Often people take many things for granted, and suffer only when they lose them. And this song is about these things, about the lost love, a man is begging his love to come back to him. Probably, if someone presented a poem in a Renaissance style to his loved one, this person would think it is a joke, or would be confused, as today there are other rules for this kind of things. Nowadays, comparison of love with nature does not happen, and that is why people are usually surprised when they see something like that. Rivers, birds and the countryside are not so romantic today for women, as they dream of other things. The things that have not changed in the poem and in the song are peoples perception of love, their feelings. What is changed are the adjectives with the help of which people compare their feelings and the situation they are in. Romance has changes a lot, the whole approach to the perception, the meaning, the way of life and future is seen the other way. In todays busy world people want to have everything at a time a job, a loved person, money, career, children, houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦And in the period of Renaissance people had other values, where dominated the family, children and home. The society today dictates the trends, the values, the important things, the must haves and other modern innovations. As a fact, online communication has a huge infl uence of what is happening around the world, on relationships between people, on their behavior, on their plans and life. Some people do not find it necessary to go out of the home because they have internet connection and social media helps them live their life online, while the real offline life passes very quickly. In the poem The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, the peace and isolation are the key words that describe the life of a shepherd who is waiting for his love. But today it is almost impossible to live isolated in romance and in harmony with the nature as described in a poem, as the song describes the relationship that did not last because of the mistake a man made and he is alone. It is obvious, that today people make the things more complicated because of the rules the society has made itself. All in all, there is so big difference between the life in the Renaissance period and today that it is almost impossible to imagine what life would be like. Many people would not like to give up everything they have and change it for what the Renaissance period could give them. Probably, people who lived in Renaissance period would not understand the meaning of the current popular song, as the things have changed so much in these centuries that it is difficult to believe it. Both the song Love The Way You Lie and the poem The Passionate Shepherd to His Love reflect love, and till people have the ability to express their feelings, the life is worth living.

Symbolism in the Loss of Light in Macbeth :: essays research papers

'Light' symbolizes truth, goodness, awareness, innocence and purity, everything linked to positive attributes. Light can represent anything Godly and saintly. ‘Darkness’ is the opposite of light. It symbolizes evil, unawareness, mischief, blindness and treachery. Firstly, both the murders of King Duncan and Banquo are committed at night, when the sun has set and darkness has fallen. Furthermore, when Lady Macbeth plots the murder of King Duncan she calls the â€Å"thick night† to â€Å"pall† â€Å"in the dunnest smoke of Hell† to hide her actions. She depends on the darkness to carry out the sinister deed. In addition, before and after the murder, there is much mention of nocturnal animals, for example, how the â€Å"owls shriek’d† and the â€Å"crickets cry†. Macbeth also tells the stars to â€Å"hide their fire†, which shows a reference to one of King Duncan’s lines when he mentions that â€Å"the signs of nobility are like stars†. Therefore Macbeth wants to hide the light when he does the deed. After the murder of King Duncan, Ross speaks to an old man about it, and of how the â€Å"dark Night strangles the traveling lamp†. He also mentions â€Å"Night’s predominance† over â€Å"the Day’s shame†. He probably thinks that the loss of Duncan equates to loss of everything ‘proper’, since he speaks of strange happenings, like horses eating their own kind. This displays a state of chaos and unawareness which is linked to darkness. Towards the end of Act 3 scene 2, Macbeth speaks of his plan to kill Banquo, and he then calls the â€Å"sealing Night (to) scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day†. He also mentions that the â€Å"Good things of day begin to droop and drowse / Whiles Night’s black agents to their preys do rouse†, which yet again makes a reference to nocturnal animals (preys). It also shows darkness taking over light, or in this case, Macbeth’s evil plot to get rid of the â€Å"worthy Banquo†.

Chalk Dust, Cinnamon Spice and Coffee Ground as Insect Repellants Essay

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: There are several household problems we and our helpers encounter at home. These may be issues regarding food supply and storage, cleanliness and sanitation. One of the most common problems is the presence of household ants, especially the red ones, causing a disturbance in our own system of food storage. Red household ants do not only infest stored food in the kitchen but also bite our skin and destroy well- landscaped gardens by building ant hills. Because of this observation, we decided on conducting a study that would eliminate ants with the use of alternative substances that can also be found at home. With this study, we will not only discover other uses and benefits of household waste products but also provide new ways of promoting clean and sanitized homes by eliminating insects. Once proven effective, chalk dust which is one waste product in the classroom, will also be of good use at home. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to find more possible uses of household waste products aside from remaining as garbage such as coffee grounds, and discover further and effective use of chalk dust. Also, we aim to eliminate household insect especially ants that would cause a nuisance in our kitchen. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Talcum Powder- an ingredient in both chalk and baby powder, and is a natural ant repellant. Brewed Coffee- coffee produced from a process with the use of coffee maker wherein hot water drips onto coffee grounds held in a coffee filter made of paper, plastic, or perforated metal, allowing the water to seep through the ground coffee while extracting its oils and essences. The liquid drips through the coffee and the filter into a carafe or pot, and the spent grounds are retained in the filter. Coffee ground- is the used bitter powdered coffee that remains in a pot or coffee-maker after brewing your  coffee. HYPOTHESIS: All three substances tested will give significant results in repelling ants. VARIABLES: INDEPENDENT| CONTROLLED| * 50 grams of coffee ground * 50 grams of cinnamon spice * 50 grams of chalk dust| * Similar area where the three experiments will be conducted, same length * The same ant pathway where the substances will be placed * 1-3 tbsp. of sugar | Resulting Variable: Time it takes for the ants to move away from the repellants CHAPTER II RELATED LITERATURE Ant and Its Symbolism â€Å"Chinese consider and identified ant as the â€Å"righteous insect† and attribute orderliness, virtue and patriotism. On the other hand, Muslims consider the ant as the earthly teacher of Solomon and an embodiment of wisdom.† (Retrieved from http://sherryandrea.com/ant-symbolism-and-meaning/) http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1570-ant-in-jewish-literature-the: â€Å"In the Old Testament, the Ant is referred to as some harvesting species which are to this day found in Syria and all around the Mediterranean basin. These species wherever they are found, as the latest investigations of naturalists have proved, lay up stores for the winter. In the Tamuldic Literature, The ant was mentioned being experimented by Simon ben Halafta to ascertain whether they inhabit without a ruler. Also, it was mentioned that ants procure food. There were also statements in the Book of Proverbs where it is pointed out that the wisdom of the Creator is manifested in the fitness of the body and wonderful life of the Ant.† â€Å"From a purely scientific point of view, the Ant is treated by Gershon ben  Solomon, in his work, â€Å"Sha’ar ha-Shamayim.† The Ant, he says, gathers its wheat in the harvest, biting off the germs of the grains in order to prevent them from sprouting and thus preserving them from rotting- a fact verified by recent observation. The Ant, he says further, is proportionately the strongest of all creatures, being able to carry from two to four times its own weight. Moreover, it can move both ways, forward and backward.† History of Brewing Coffee In the early history of coffee, the coffee beans were dried and eaten. By the 16th century, coffee was roasted before being ground and boiled in water. The entire resulting mixture of liquid and grounds would be consumed. The invention of the Ibrik (A small pot used in brewing and serving Turkish coffee that was invented in the late 16th century.) allowed for a more skillful technique of brewing. In the 18th century, the French developed the drip brewing technique wherein coffee is produced by using a cloth bag as a filter to separate grounds from the liquid coffee. This technique allowed for steeping the coffee at a lower temperature as it was not brewed while constantly adding heat. (Retrieved from http://coffee.wikia.com/wiki/Brewing) Chalk in Prehistoric Times As found in nature, chalk has been used for drawing since prehistoric times, when, according to archaeologists, it helped to create some of the earliest cave drawings. Later, artists of different countries and styles used chalk mainly for sketches, and some such drawings, protected with shellac or a similar substance, have survived. Chalk was first formed into sticks for the convenience of artists. The method was to grind natural chalk to a fine powder, then add water, clay as a binder, and various dry colors. The resultant putty was then rolled into cylinders and dried. Although impurities produce natural chalk in many colors, when artists made their own chalk they usually added pigments to render these colors more vivid. Carbon, for example, was used to enhance black, and ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) created a more vivid red. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 1. Gather the variables needed. You can find cinnamon spice in your kitchen. If not, you may use any spice available (e.g. pepper, black pepper, garlic). Collect coffee grounds after brewing coffee with the use of a coffee maker. Collect chalk dust from other classrooms. Measure the quantity and make sure that each one reaches the same amount- 50 grams. 2. Choose an area at home where you can find an ants’ pathway and measure its length. This will also be one of the controlled variables in the experiment. 3. Make sure that there are ants present. If none, place a few pinches of sugar or food crumbs to attract the ants. 4. Once the ants are present, choose among the three substances to be placed first along the path and put it evenly making a thin line. 5. Record the time it takes for the ants to leave the place. 6. Repeat steps three to five with the use of the other two substances and record the results on the Table of Data and Observation below. You may also take pictures du ring the experiment.

Research Trends in the Academy of Management Publications

Research trends in the Academy of Management publications In order to reach the organization’s goals, management acts its way by its techniques and topics that is essential for the success of the company. There are a lot of changes and improvements that can cause to the disappearance of the management topics and techniques that organizations use for its own benefit. I appreciate reading this article that somehow updates us on what is happening on management topics, why do these topics disappear, stays, and re-emerge, and what are the common techniques used by the management of each organizations.The first hypothesis about the management topics says that some are historic and that they emerged then died out over time. People nowadays are very trendy and they tend to imitate what are the topics most popular in their environment. These people study and use those topics that make them think can fit in into the society. Just like in business, management topics also undergo a cycle. At first they will grow slowly, and then they will burst till they reach their peak point where a lot of people patronize their services/products.Sooner or later, their business fades as the people who first patronize their products discover new ones that are trending and popular in the society. Because of this, they try to change and develop new products that would satisfy the wants and needs of the consumers leading to the disappearance of the first products they made. I can’t say that each management techniques are perfect, so if there are new ideas that are developed due to the experiences of each organizations and curiosity of mankind trying to improve and upgrade that specific technique, then that management technique disappears and being replaced by a new and better one.The second hypothesis tells that some management topics are classical and have become institutionalized over time. Even though people nowadays are conscious with the topics that are popular nowadays, t here are others who give importance to these topics. Some topics are so significant that organizations do not want to remove them for those topics leads their business to success. These management topics give them ideas on how they will operate their business to become stable in the industry. Most usinessmen now continue to use and development these management topics because they believe that this can help them in achieving their success. These are their tools to reach their organizational objectives and accomplishments. If these techniques continue to help organizations then these will never fade out and will continue to be institutionalized making these topics stay for a long period of time. The third hypothesis states that some management topics are resurgent in that they emerged, died out, and then re-emerged over time.There are a lot of techniques that could help these topics to become useful again. With comprehensive study and analysis, these topics will soon be popularized an d then used from generation to generation. This hypothesis challenges the researchers to do better study and brainstorming in order to have creative ideas on how they can develop these management topics. All things need improvement in order to fit in into society. Because, we humans, are not easily contented of what we have and can always find ways in creating other ideas better than the other.Some researching think they have created new ideas but had already emerged in the past but disappeared. Most companies make innovations on their products/services offered in the market in order to provide continuous satisfaction to the consumers. And so with this management topic, it needs further study and development to be continuously useful in the world of management. Management topics evolve like businesses do. They both undergo the same process cycle. At first is the birth of the keyword or topic then next is their growth until they reach their maturity where most of the people use it or the topic became popular.The cycle doesn’t end here but it continues to its post-maturity stage where its usefulness to the society declines. But with our generation nowadays, people are intellectual enough to explore new discoveries to satisfy the needs and wants of the society. And with this, it makes the management topic become more stable and continue to provide more knowledge to the researchers and readers. Having adequate knowledge about the history of these management topics we have right now makes each researchers and readers more interested on the topic.Some may show lack of interest but once they go deeper to the history about these management topics, they would find it really amazing on how this were useful to the industry and very effective on every organization. This study is very helpful to researchers that really want to know more about management because it is part of their study to keep track of the trends in the field of management. We can never reach our f uture if we do not know our history. Same goes with studying management, reaching the finish line of this field is impossible unless we learn and study its history.